AmpliStory Blog

Marketing Agency, Marketing Consultant, or Fractional CMO: Which Do You Need?

Written by Grace Windsor | Aug 4, 2026, 7:45:01 AM

If you’re looking for external marketing support, you’ve probably asked yourself one of these questions:

  • Should we hire a marketing agency?
  • Would a marketing consultant be a better fit?
  • Is it time for a fractional CMO?

The answer depends less on the provider than on the problem you’re trying to solve.

Some businesses need specialist expertise to deliver campaigns. Others need experienced leadership to build and guide their marketing function. Others are still trying to answer the commercial questions that will shape every marketing decision that follows.

That third situation is where a research strategist can help.

Research strategists are less familiar than agencies or marketing consultants, but the work often sits at an important point between business strategy and marketing execution. They explore questions about customers, markets, positioning, messaging, and commercial opportunities, then help the business use that evidence to decide what to do next.

You might work with a research strategist before appointing an agency, alongside a fractional CMO, or as part of a wider marketing project. It isn’t necessarily an either/or decision.

The right choice depends on whether you need to answer an important question, get experienced marketing advice, lead the marketing function, or deliver work that has already been agreed.

 

What is a research strategist?

A research strategist helps businesses answer important commercial questions before they make major marketing or growth decisions.

Rather than starting with campaigns or channels, they start with evidence.

That might include:

  • Customer and stakeholder interviews
  • Competitor and market research
  • Reviewing existing research and internal knowledge
  • Testing positioning and messaging
  • Exploring new markets or customer segments
  • Identifying where assumptions have replaced evidence
  • Bringing together information held across different teams.

The goal isn’t simply to produce a research report. It’s to help leadership make better commercial decisions.

This is the work I do in AmpliStory. In workshops and client calls, the comments I hear most often are some variation of:

“I hadn’t thought about it that way.”

Or:

“Nobody’s ever asked us that question before.”

 

That is often where the value lies.

People inside a business naturally develop a shared way of seeing it. An external perspective can ask new questions, challenge assumptions, and connect information that already exists but has never been considered together.

Research strategy is particularly useful when the decision reaches beyond marketing alone. Customer understanding, positioning, pricing, market selection, product direction, sales, and growth strategy are often closely connected.

 

What problems can a research strategist help solve?

A research strategist may be the right fit when you’re trying to answer questions such as:

  • Which customer segment should we prioritise?
  • Is this new market or commercial opportunity worth pursuing?
  • Has our positioning kept pace with the business and its customers?
  • Why has growth become more difficult?
  • What do customers actually value about our offer?
  • How do buyers make decisions in this market?
  • How can we differentiate ourselves more clearly?
  • What evidence do we need before investing further in marketing or sales?
  • What research and messaging foundations will an agency need to do its best work?

These aren’t purely marketing questions. They are commercial questions that influence the marketing strategy, brief, and work that follow.

 

Is a research strategist the same as a marketing consultant?

Not necessarily.

Marketing consultant is a broad term covering many different types of expertise. Some consultants advise on marketing strategy and planning. Others specialise in areas such as SEO, branding, demand generation, digital marketing, or content. Some combine strategic advice with hands-on delivery.

A research strategist has a more specific focus: investigating and interpreting evidence to help the business make a decision.

There can be considerable overlap. A research strategist may have a substantial marketing background (like me), while a marketing consultant may carry out customer or competitor research as part of an engagement.

The practical distinction is the starting point.

A marketing consultant will often begin with the marketing challenge. A research strategist begins with the question the business needs to answer, which may involve marketing, sales, customers, products, competitors, or wider commercial strategy.

 

What does a marketing consultant do?

A marketing consultant provides external advice or specialist expertise without becoming a full-time member of the marketing team.

Depending on their experience, they may help with:

  • Marketing strategy and planning
  • Positioning and messaging
  • campaign planning and execution
  • SEO or content strategy
  • Lead generation
  • Coaching or supporting an internal team.

A marketing consultant can be a strong option when the direction is broadly understood, but the business needs experienced advice, an independent view, or expertise it doesn’t have internally.

The scope varies considerably, so it’s important to understand whether the consultant primarily advises, investigates, leads, or delivers.

 

What does a marketing agency do?

Marketing agencies help businesses plan, create, and deliver marketing work.

Depending on the agency, that might include:

  • Branding and design
  • Websites development
  • SEO
  • Content marketing
  • Paid media
  • Campaigns
  • Creative production
  • Public relations and communications
  • Marketing automation and AI workflows.

Agencies can also contribute valuable strategic thinking. They may challenge the brief, refine the message, recommend a different approach, or bring insights from other projects and clients.

However, an agency will usually be able to do its best work when the business has made enough of the underlying decisions to provide a clear direction.

That doesn’t mean arriving with every detail resolved. It means having enough clarity about the audience, objectives, priorities, offer, and decision-making process for the agency to move the work forward.

 

What does a fractional CMO do?

A fractional CMO provides senior marketing leadership on a part-time or flexible basis.

Rather than advising on one project or delivering an individual campaign, they take responsibility for directing the marketing function.

That may include:

  • Developing marketing strategy
  • Setting priorities and budgets
  • Aligning marketing with business goals
  • Building or managing the marketing team
  • Overseeing agencies and specialist suppliers
  • Improving measurement and reporting
  • Advising the leadership team
  • Taking responsibility for marketing performance.

A fractional CMO may also collaborate other external specialists. For example, they could bring in a research strategist to investigate a particular customer, market, or positioning question. They might then work with an agency to turn the resulting strategy into campaigns, content, creative work, or a new website.

Hiring a fractional CMO doesn’t mean expecting one person to conduct every piece of research and deliver every marketing activity themselves.

 

Marketing agency vs marketing consultant vs research strategist vs fractional CMO

If your business needs to… The best fit is often…
Answer an important commercial question before making a major decision Research strategist
Get external marketing advice or expertise on a defined challenge Marketing consultant
Lead and direct the marketing function Fractional CMO
Deliver campaigns, creative work, or specialist marketing services Marketing agency

 

These categories are useful, but the boundaries aren’t absolute.

Two providers may describe themselves differently while offering similar support. The more important question is what they will be responsible for, what evidence they will use, and what outcome you expect from the engagement.

 

Can a research strategist and marketing agency work together?

Yes.

I’ve worked directly with agencies, providing the customer research, positioning, and messaging foundations they needed to support a client over the longer term.

The agency could then apply that work across websites, campaigns, content, design, and wider marketing activity.

This can be particularly useful when a business is preparing for a major project, such as:

  • A rebrand
  • A new website
  • Entry into a new market
  • A change in positioning
  • The launch of a new product or service
  • A more ambitious period of growth.

Research doesn’t compete with good agency work. It can give the agency a clearer brief and stronger evidence on which to base its recommendations.

 

Can a research strategist work with a fractional CMO?

A research strategist and fractional CMO can also work together.

The fractional CMO remains responsible for leading the marketing function and turning business priorities into a coherent marketing strategy. The research strategist can investigate a specific question where deeper evidence or an independent perspective is needed.

For example, the fractional CMO may need to understand:

  • Why the current positioning is no longer working
  • Which customer segment offers the strongest opportunity
  • How customers describe the problem being solved
  • Whether the business is ready to expand into another market
  • What needs to change before appointing an agency.

The resulting research gives the fractional CMO a stronger basis for setting priorities and making decisions.

 

How do you decide what your business needs?

Before choosing a provider, ask yourself four questions.

1. Are we still trying to answer an important commercial question?

You may need a research strategist when the decision depends on evidence about customers, markets, competitors, positioning, messaging, or a new commercial opportunity.

2. Do we need experienced advice on a defined marketing challenge?

A marketing consultant may be the best fit when you need external expertise or an independent perspective but don’t need someone to lead the full function.

3. Do we need someone to take responsibility for marketing?

A fractional CMO may be appropriate when the business needs senior leadership, clearer priorities, and oversight of the internal team and external partners.

4. Do we know the direction and need specialist help delivering it?

A marketing agency may be the right choice when you need skills, capacity, or creative and technical execution that you don’t have internally.

In practice, you may need more than one of these.

The aim isn’t to find the provider with the broadest possible list of services. It’s to understand the question or responsibility you need them to take on.

 

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a marketing consultant and a marketing agency?

A marketing consultant usually provides individual advice, strategic guidance, or specialist expertise. A marketing agency provides a wider team that can plan and deliver services such as branding, campaigns, websites, SEO, content, or paid media.

Should I hire a marketing consultant or a fractional CMO?

Hire a marketing consultant when you need advice or expertise on a defined challenge. Consider a fractional CMO when you need someone to lead the marketing function, set priorities, manage budgets, and oversee teams and external partners.

When should I hire a research strategist?

A research strategist is useful when you need evidence before making an important decision about customers, markets, positioning, messaging, products, or growth. They can work before or alongside a consultant, fractional CMO, or agency.

Can a research strategist work with my marketing agency?

Yes. A research strategist can provide customer insight, positioning, messaging, and market evidence that an agency can use to develop stronger creative work, campaigns, websites, and marketing programmes.

Do I need customer research before hiring a marketing agency?

Not in every case. However, customer research may be valuable if you are unsure who the priority audience is, what customers value, how the business should be positioned, or what message the agency should communicate.

Can a fractional CMO and a marketing agency work together?

Yes. A fractional CMO often leads the marketing strategy and manages the agency relationship, while the agency provides the specialist team and capacity needed to deliver the work.

What should I have in place before hiring a marketing agency?

You should have a reasonable level of clarity about your objectives, priority audiences, offer, budget, internal decision-makers, and how success will be assessed. An agency can help refine the brief, but unresolved commercial questions may require additional research first.